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The type of microphone that is characterized as not requiring a power source, being very small, and difficult to detect is a dynamic microphone. Dynamic microphones operate using electromagnetic induction, where sound waves cause a diaphragm to move within a magnetic field, generating an electrical current that corresponds to the sound. This design means they do not require external power, making them convenient in many situations.

While other microphones, such as condenser microphones, typically require phantom power to operate, dynamic microphones stand out for their robustness and ease of use in varied environments. Moreover, their compact size allows them to be unobtrusive, making them suitable for applications where discreet audio capture is essential. This combination of non-requirement for power and compactness aligns with the characteristics noted in the question.

Lavalier microphones, often used in interviews and presentations for hands-free operation, are also small and discrete but are typically condenser microphones, which need power. Therefore, the unique features of dynamic microphones align perfectly with the criteria given in the question.